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Shreya Johri Explains How Artificial Intelligence Enhances Medical Diagnostics and Surgical Procedures

Shreya Johri, a postdoctoral fellow at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, reports that artificial intelligence is revolutionizing medical diagnostics, particularly in radiology. Currently, 76% of FDA-approved AI models are used for radiology, followed by cardiology. Johri notes that while computer vision models are well-established for identifying abnormalities in images like chest X-rays and mammograms, large language models are newer and currently used for simpler tasks such as summarizing patient histories and improving doctor-patient communication. In clinical settings, AI serves as a secondary reader to help radiologists detect cancer more accurately. A Swedish study involving over 100,000 women showed that radiologists who reviewed mammograms after an AI analysis detected more cases than those who used two radiologists alone. Johri emphasizes that human judgment remains the final decision-maker in these processes. Furthermore, AI is beginning to assist in complex procedures like brain surgery. A recent milestone in London involved an AI model assisting a surgeon in real-time to identify the intersection of the pituitary gland and bone. This technology allows doctors to maintain control while benefiting from AI's ability to process large volumes of data quickly.

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