Donald Schaffner, Ph.D. recommends using plain tap water as the most effective method for washing fruits and vegetables.

Donald Schaffner, Ph.D., a food science expert at Rutgers University, states that rinsing produce in plain tap water is the most effective way to remove dirt, bacteria, and contaminants. Research indicates that a simple tap water wash can eliminate between 90% and 99% of bacteria on fruit. While many consumers use vinegar, baking soda, or commercial sprays, the administration's food safety guidelines often suggest these are unnecessary and can sometimes leave behind unwanted residues or tastes. Experts emphasize that while washing is important, it is not a perfect solution for eliminating all contamination. For firmer produce like carrots or potatoes, a vegetable brush can help remove grit, while delicate items like berries should be washed just before consumption to prevent mold. Additionally, while some experts suggest using a small amount of dish soap to dislodge parasites like cyclospora, the general consensus remains that clean running water and proper handling are sufficient for most daily needs.

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